MOBILE MAPPING - INTEGRATED ROAD/ RAILWAY/UTILITY MAP
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Waterlogging in a underpass- the water level rises above danger level in the under pass roads as the two side of underpass is concrete wall and water cannot freely flow away due to no drainage .
Waterlogging in a underpass- the water level rises above danger level in the under pass roads as the two side of underpass is concrete wall and water cannot freely flow away due to no drainage .
The only way to over come it to convert the under pass to a tunnel model so as to avoid the water from entering the underpass road as it is converted to a tunnel model with roof like in tunnel
The roofing of the underpass and levelling the road with proper drainage will avoid rain way to flow inside the underpass that is now open with side wall that is collecting the water on the road in under pass now resulting road closing or buses to pass water logging roads
The roofing the underpass like a tunnel with concrete roof and the roof space over underpass roads gives space for parking over the concrete
2) roofing can be on metal sheets
3) PVC panels & steel panel roofing
4) solar panel roofing
As this roofing can be some distance, this can reduce water collection & logging in roads and indirectly the underpass roof space can be used for vehicle road side parking like elevated parking , children parks, gardens or solar power generation
The only way to over come it to convert the under pass to a tunnel model so as to avoid the water from entering the underpass road as it is converted to a tunnel model with roof like in tunnel
The roofing of the underpass and levelling the road with proper drainage will avoid rain way to flow inside the underpass that is now open with side wall that is collecting the water on the road in under pass now resulting road closing or buses to pass water logging roads
The roofing the underpass like a tunnel with concrete roof and the roof space over underpass roads gives space for parking over the concrete
2) roofing can be on metal sheets
3) PVC panels & steel panel roofing
4) solar panel roofing
As this roofing can be some distance, this can reduce water collection & logging in roads and indirectly the underpass roof space can be used for vehicle road side parking like elevated parking , children parks, gardens or solar power generation
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New Road project in bharath mala in Pathanamthitta kerala- SH183 A kollam to mumdakayam highway in BharatMala project starting from kollam and jointing with SH183 Kottayam to theni highway at mundakayam not at vandiperiyar via Vadasserikara , gavi route
SH13A Kollam to mundakayam connecting kollam , Pathanamthitta, kottayam and idukki district and also a sabarimala highway is upgradating in new alignment , by pass and bridge making this highway to pass outside the town and village at kadampanad , Adoor, kiepatoor , Pathanamthitta, erumely in BharatMala projects
SH 183A highway projects from Bharanikavu to erumely is going to be a part of BharatMala project as a mountain highway . The new alignment is made for the approval in the projects in BharatMala project mountain highway connecting kollam to mundakayam connecting kollam , Pathanamthitta and kottayam district in rural area is in the composing stage under MP Anto Antony
The new alignment will make by pass road in Adoor starting at manakala to anandapally via karuvatta and in Pathanamthitta connecting SH 8 konni highway outside in Pathanamthitta by pass and kiepatoor to vadasserikara in Pathanamthitta by pass link new roads
In this road alignment this SH183 A can be connected via karuvatta if the SH183A can be made in seprate alignment from Manakala- Karuvatta- and in new alignment to Anadapally and not to plan via Nellimootil padi
In Pathanamthitta town in the kiepatoor area the SH138A can be new alignment till puthenpedika and from puthenpedika - chittor - chendiyatpadi and join at mylappara reducing the turning in SH138A in direct straight from from kiepatoor till mylappa reducing the elevation by tunnel, roundabouts and bridge over crossing and river , since the rest of roads are passing via minor towns and forest the alignment can be similar like given , but making a roads like this mentioned in Adoor and Pathanamthitta is making lot of problems to public as large number of people are living from Nellimootil padi to andapally and like wise in Pathanamthitta planning a road via conducted streets are a problem to people rather this can be reduced by new alignment as shown
As per the Google map SH183A from kollam is ending in SH183 kottayam to theni highway at vandiperiyar , and now new roads are build so that SH183A is connected to SH183 at mundayam making highway not to extend till vandiperiyar .
This highway road connect coastline road from kollam district to Pathanamthitta district & mountain roads from Pathanamthitta to mumdakayam in kottayam district the road network and the alignment upgrading work is on bypass , crossing bridges and river bridges , the new alignments from old road is not making a easy direction or route as this highway passes in terrain roads from Pathanamthitta to Ranni to erumely and paddy land area on either side between adoor to Pathanamthitta via kiepatoor & omalloor , passing Achenkovil rivers and rubber land in mumdakayam , konni , kodumon , Adoor, Bharanikavu. . Since this road passes terrain land , tunnels is to be added from Pathanamthitta to malyalapuzha, terrain and rest of road as the elevation of roads is very high and sloppy from Pathanamthitta to malyalapuzha and ahead making it a mountain highway & roundabouts are also necessary in city roads of adoor, Pathanamthitta, Ranni instead of crossing bridges with pedestrain way and drainage ways as water flows at high speed from both side of elevated land to road to the low level lands . Street lights water supply lines had to added with bus bays as lay bye
SH 183A highway projects from Bharanikavu to erumely is going to be a part of BharatMala project as a mountain highway . The new alignment is made for the approval in the projects in BharatMala project mountain highway connecting kollam to mundakayam connecting kollam , Pathanamthitta and kottayam district in rural area is in the composing stage under MP Anto Antony
The new alignment will make by pass road in Adoor starting at manakala to anandapally via karuvatta and in Pathanamthitta connecting SH 8 konni highway outside in Pathanamthitta by pass and kiepatoor to vadasserikara in Pathanamthitta by pass link new roads
In this road alignment this SH183 A can be connected via karuvatta if the SH183A can be made in seprate alignment from Manakala- Karuvatta- and in new alignment to Anadapally and not to plan via Nellimootil padi
In Pathanamthitta town in the kiepatoor area the SH138A can be new alignment till puthenpedika and from puthenpedika - chittor - chendiyatpadi and join at mylappara reducing the turning in SH138A in direct straight from from kiepatoor till mylappa reducing the elevation by tunnel, roundabouts and bridge over crossing and river , since the rest of roads are passing via minor towns and forest the alignment can be similar like given , but making a roads like this mentioned in Adoor and Pathanamthitta is making lot of problems to public as large number of people are living from Nellimootil padi to andapally and like wise in Pathanamthitta planning a road via conducted streets are a problem to people rather this can be reduced by new alignment as shown
As per the Google map SH183A from kollam is ending in SH183 kottayam to theni highway at vandiperiyar , and now new roads are build so that SH183A is connected to SH183 at mundayam making highway not to extend till vandiperiyar .
This highway road connect coastline road from kollam district to Pathanamthitta district & mountain roads from Pathanamthitta to mumdakayam in kottayam district the road network and the alignment upgrading work is on bypass , crossing bridges and river bridges , the new alignments from old road is not making a easy direction or route as this highway passes in terrain roads from Pathanamthitta to Ranni to erumely and paddy land area on either side between adoor to Pathanamthitta via kiepatoor & omalloor , passing Achenkovil rivers and rubber land in mumdakayam , konni , kodumon , Adoor, Bharanikavu. . Since this road passes terrain land , tunnels is to be added from Pathanamthitta to malyalapuzha, terrain and rest of road as the elevation of roads is very high and sloppy from Pathanamthitta to malyalapuzha and ahead making it a mountain highway & roundabouts are also necessary in city roads of adoor, Pathanamthitta, Ranni instead of crossing bridges with pedestrain way and drainage ways as water flows at high speed from both side of elevated land to road to the low level lands . Street lights water supply lines had to added with bus bays as lay bye
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Mountain highway roads from Pathanamthitta
Mountain highway roads from Pathanamthitta
The red road is the SH183A highway from kollam to Mumdakayam via vadasserikara to erumely
The blue road is via Ranni to erumely
Violet road is via elavungal junction to erumely
And the black road via gavi to vandiperiyar meeting SH183 kottayam to theni high way which is the old 183 A highway to 183 highway from kottayam and to sabarimala from elavungal junction
Now the present alignment mapping is via elavungal junction that is a long route to erupt from vadasserikara that can be reduced by either road via Ranni or directly connecting vadasserikara and Ranni by new road alignment not via elavungal junction near sabarimala
The red road is the SH183A highway from kollam to Mumdakayam via vadasserikara to erumely
The blue road is via Ranni to erumely
Violet road is via elavungal junction to erumely
And the black road via gavi to vandiperiyar meeting SH183 kottayam to theni high way which is the old 183 A highway to 183 highway from kottayam and to sabarimala from elavungal junction
Now the present alignment mapping is via elavungal junction that is a long route to erupt from vadasserikara that can be reduced by either road via Ranni or directly connecting vadasserikara and Ranni by new road alignment not via elavungal junction near sabarimala
The blue road is SH183A that is upgraded by red road by extending
& connecting SH183A via Ranni, Erumely , mundakayam till SH183 kollam to theni highway not via gavi , vandiperiyarthat is via forest The SH183A can ve extended and connected via vadasserikara to erumely and not via Elampal junction in sabarimala road that is making long route between vadasserikara and erumely , instead vy a alternate road between Vadasserikara and erumeli
Ranni town by pass
Adoor town by pass via karuvatta extending the road to karuvatta and karuvatta to anandapally
Pathanamthitta by pass joint kiepatoor to malyalapuxha or mylappara via a outer by pass road by chittoor
Sasthamkotta to mumdakayam SH103A jointing with SH103
SH103A upgrading news article
SH103A upgrading news article
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A sky way or Sea way which is better for kochi
NHAI planning to develop 25 km elevated sky highway between kodugaloor to thuruvoor
1.Kodugaloor- Edappally - 1.5 km Sky highway
2. Edapally - Aroor 12 km elevated highway
3. Aroor Thuravoor 13 km Sky highway is 25 km elevated highway
Now this same distance can be covered by sea by extending the N66 to fortkochi vypin and kodugaloor by a sea high way is far more faster than a elevated highway and this sea highway project will reduce the traffic in fortkochi , vypin
If a elevated highway is construction can be made also like a sea way like in Mumbai etc
Kodugaloor to Angamaly outer ring road also in construction with by pass to tripunithra
A sea highway or a sky highway, which is the better for kochi. In the 25 km sky highway project from kodugaloor to thuruvoor passing Edappally & Aroor can be constructed via the sea link between between fortkochi and vypin to kodugaloor from Aroor or thuruvoor which also will extend the NH66 in sky highway via sea link . At present constructing elevated highway cost can be reduced by the sea link route & serves a alternative road to fortkochi , vypin , ship yard , LNG terminal in kochi
1.Kodugaloor- Edappally - 1.5 km Sky highway
2. Edapally - Aroor 12 km elevated highway
3. Aroor Thuravoor 13 km Sky highway is 25 km elevated highway
Now this same distance can be covered by sea by extending the N66 to fortkochi vypin and kodugaloor by a sea high way is far more faster than a elevated highway and this sea highway project will reduce the traffic in fortkochi , vypin
If a elevated highway is construction can be made also like a sea way like in Mumbai etc
Kodugaloor to Angamaly outer ring road also in construction with by pass to tripunithra
A sea highway or a sky highway, which is the better for kochi. In the 25 km sky highway project from kodugaloor to thuruvoor passing Edappally & Aroor can be constructed via the sea link between between fortkochi and vypin to kodugaloor from Aroor or thuruvoor which also will extend the NH66 in sky highway via sea link . At present constructing elevated highway cost can be reduced by the sea link route & serves a alternative road to fortkochi , vypin , ship yard , LNG terminal in kochi
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2. Airbase in a highway Road network
Auxiliary military air base in a highway Air strip show road and Airline network together in a Express highway navigation topographic/ Marcopolo/ Michelin map
The new map legend or symbol for emergency landing strip in road network like Airport run way in topographical map or digital map and new sign boards in streets and express highway side
Emergency landing a large plane on a highway might seem easier than, say, landing one in the Hudson River, is making a pilot highway landings are rather more frequent than I would have thought.”
Rajasthan's NH 924A becomes first national highway with emergency landing strip followed by other two in UP in Yamuna express and Purvanchal Expressway for Indian Airforce planes
In early days roads are used for emergency landing for planes and later a airstrip in road can reduce accidents if there gates at thetwo end of 5 km strip, control room building and four planes parking area
India had approved many air strips on express highway on Punjab, Jammu kashmir , Delhi , Madyaptadesh . Chattisgrad, Andra, tamil nadu , Karnataka for energy landing of Indian airforce plane on emergency as this roads will have sign symbol like this on the side of the road showing it as a emergency aircraft landing strip in maps and streets.
This would reduce the expense in constructing a runway in every place
Even though Airstrip is inaugurated in 2021 In Rajasthan Bamer NH295 highway , india had developed airstrip before for testing
India has successfully tested its runway strip on a stretch of the Yamuna Expressway in Uttar Pradesh on 21 May 2015.
India successfully tested another runway strip on a stretch of the Agra Lucknow Expressway in Uttar Pradesh on 24 October 2017.[
On September 9, 2021, the Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari and the Minister of Defence Rajnath Singh inaugurated India's first runway strip on a National Highway in Barmer, Rajasthan and, a mock emergency landing was conducted with the two ministers and the Air Chief Marshal R. K. S. Bhadauria on-board a military transport aircraft
In the navigation maps the roads , railway , boundary , Airline , ferry network will include this Highway Air Strip of 5 km in symbols, type and levels with Airstrip primary & secondary names as this Airstrips can be auxiliary military Air base, but can be used by airlines in case of emergency on disaster like floods , cyclones , earthquake , accidents , fire, riotsv that may had closed the province airport runway and for emergency landing in case of any engine failure of planes making this airstrip in national highway for , defense , goverment private or commercial use on emergency where as before the navigation map shows only the runway of airports and boundaries of Airport as Airline network in Navigation maps of roads , railway , boundaries ferry
At present in Kerala an airbase can be constructed for emergency landing strip in NAD( Navy arms depot in kalamassery ) either in NAD Road or in HMT road in 5 k. Distance so that NAD can use this as landing strip as its is used for small.plane landing before or to airlines in.case the kochi airport runway ia closed in accident or floods
Airbase in NAD road build for defense & commercial use as this airbase is close to navy arms depot kalamassery koch kerala. Like rest of India Emergency land strip in express way, same can done for building airstrip in this place not far but have lot of benefit to defense and commercial aircraft in view of flood, cyclone , airport closed in kochi . The airstrip navigation map give access to to Highway road , railway , NAD defense & commerical Air use in NAD road kalamassery, kochi , Kerala
- 3. Expansion of Road network in town by widening the bridge to both sides shown in aerial photo
Converting of topo maps & Aerial maps by Orthophoto in which Aerial photo, satellite photo and photos are merged to develop navigation map, Road , Highways, Railways, utility maps, water navigation , airports , ground control points, Digitial elevation models, Digitial tettsin models, digitial surface models, TIR maps at quality , accuracy making the survey and data collection in restricted places , difficult to reach , difficult to collect due to high density in x,y,z coordinates of street address data base, mobile mapping , point of interest , feasible mapping , linear iteneary
Aerial image files of expansion of bridge with adjacent bridges for pedestrian and vehicles
Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone is the market leading point cloud processing and support wide range of industries and work flow including civil engineering , as building models , topographical map surveys , building information system BIM , data collection like transverse back sight , surveys and registration of data
Like staad interior designing , auto cad building , this is importing AutoCAD and staad designs to maps location of building by importing BIMS to maps like cad & MicroStation , Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone point cloud processing
With this cad & MicroStation , Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone point cloud processing, it is possible tp develop a projects of villa, flats, in a conducted space with limited land area or a bridge in a conducted street surrounded by building by means of aerial maps
The cad & MicroStation , Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone point cloud processing, is used to update maps , modify old building as per the plans surveys , modify the roads with flyover , crossing like trumpel, cloverleaf on the space available for construction as the side building need not be changed to develop the bridges, crossing , culverts
The cad & MicroStation , Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone point cloud processing, on aerial maps will help to modify the bridges or making a construction across the river , waterways consist of ferry routes , cargo routes
The cad & MicroStation , Leica Geosystems HDS Cyclone point cloud processing, on aerial naos will able to integrate roads, railway. Utility networks, ship and airports , building information system planning and modifying at high quality resolution images on types and levels in the process of township planning , master planning of cities as it is cluster of roads, bridges, rivers. Ferry , airports , crossing , buses, cars ponds etc , etc in one maps
Mobile Maps
Aerial survey post processing of aerial images to planometric maps for ground elevation & depth , AutoCAD building designing & drawing in scans
2) Leica Cyclone 3D Point Cloud Processing and scan to building information management (BIM)/, editing of data , collection of data , survey , planning , designing , drawing building in scanned maps , navigation inside building I am not able to give high quality, speed in works as just knowing all the AutoCAD, staad
3 , Leica Cyclone 3D Point Cloud Processing will not give accurate data and high quality & productivity works .
digitizing roads , railway, boundary , rivers maps & require designing in orthohoto DEM, DTM, DEM + civil AutoCAD with MicroStation
The 3D mobile maps are
1)Applanix POSPac MMS 8
2)Trimble MX9
3) Imajing imajbox 3 S/T
4)Geo-Photomap
5) Orbit Mobile Mapping Content Manager in which roads, railway , utility maps river ways , coastline and not included boundary
Mobile Maps
Aerial survey post processing of aerial images to planometric maps for ground elevation & depth , AutoCAD building designing & drawing in scans
2) Leica Cyclone 3D Point Cloud Processing and scan to building information management (BIM)/, editing of data , collection of data , survey , planning , designing , drawing building in scanned maps , navigation inside building I am not able to give high quality, speed in works as just knowing all the AutoCAD, staad
3 , Leica Cyclone 3D Point Cloud Processing will not give accurate data and high quality & productivity works .
digitizing roads , railway, boundary , rivers maps & require designing in orthohoto DEM, DTM, DEM + civil AutoCAD with MicroStation
The 3D mobile maps are
1)Applanix POSPac MMS 8
2)Trimble MX9
3) Imajing imajbox 3 S/T
4)Geo-Photomap
5) Orbit Mobile Mapping Content Manager in which roads, railway , utility maps river ways , coastline and not included boundary
Orthophoto, Orthophotograph or Orthoimage is an aerial photograph or image geometrically corrected such that the scale is uniform: the photo has the same lack of distortion as a map
Digital orthophotos are scaled aerial photographs, which can be used (among other things) as a base map in a GIS or as a tool to revise digital line graphs and topographic maps.
GIS base map for a variety of uses, including urban and regional planning, revision of digital line graphs and topographic maps, creation of soil maps, and drainage studies.
The procedure used to create digital orthophotos, called ortho-rectification, requires aerial photographs and a digital terrain model as inputs.
Orthophoto is to develop the image map in shape and size with all resources of the map and the process consist of
1 ) Geometry correction like missing roads and type of roads
2) Geometry of road , boundary , ferry , airline of the image map
3 Dots and cracks or color changes in maps
4 edge mapping geometry correction
5 updation of maps with new sources
Updation from Aerial photo to ortho photo
6 symbols and text
7 lines and doted lines
8 Flood maps
9) Updating of data from old photos to New
Chennai urbanization had resulted severe floods in chennai city due to varda cycloons . the maps shows that two reservoir disappear in the new map against old photo taken before year 2000
Bellandur lake in Bangalore in old photo and new , in old photo the lake is not polluted
KALLADA CANAL FROM PUNALOOR TO PANDALAM
Assignments on maps and remote sensing
Kallada irrigation canal map attached with area and pont of interest of mapsvfrom origin to destination of the canal
Kallada irrigation Canal water flows from kollam district punaloor town to pathanamthitta district villages and to alleppey dustrict discharging at maximum level that extend from mukkadayar lake flowing near thenmala dam near punaloor to karingalichal lake located at pandalam and near by is achenkovil river that meet pamba river flowing to niranam
REMOTE SENSING WITH DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOS
WATER WAYS OF KERALA & TOURISM
HIGH SPEED RAILWAY LIKE ROADS
1)/Aerial Photography
Photos from Camera
Photos from Camera
2) Digital Terrain Model
3) Orthophoto rectification
Digital Terrain Models
Using x,y,z coordinates and digitizing the slopes, cliffs
X,y,z digital representation of the terrain, a triangular irregular network (TIN) model is often used. In the TIN model, a triangular mesh is drawn on the control and determined data points. To form the TIN, a perimeter around the data points is first established, called the convex hull. To connect the interior points, Delaunay triangulation is used, in which a surface approximation is generated where triangles are created with all internal angles as nearly equiangular as possible. Each resulting triangle is a planar surface. By integrating all of the triangles over the domain, a surface is created. Additional elevation data such as spot elevations at summits and depressions and break lines are also collected for the TIN model. Break lines represent significant terrain features like a lake or cliff that cause a change in slope. TIN triangles do not cross break lines. One reason the TIN model is used is that it requires a much smaller number of points than a gridded DTM does in order to represent the surface terrain with equal accuracy.
Orthophoto Rectification
x
True scaling of aerial photos is by irtho rectification where all the end of the map is scaled with accuracy on depth and distance .
TIN surface is used to orthogonally rectify the scanned image file. By combining the two data sources, each image pixel has a known position and intensity value. In the rectification process, the intensity value for each pixel is re-sampled using a space resection equation, removing image displacements caused by central perspective projection, camera tilt, and terrain relief. The individual photographs are then clipped and seamlessly joined together over the entire study area. The result is a digital image that combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map--a true to scale photographic map. The typical digital orthophoto is a quarter quadrangle image cast in the Universal Transverse Mercator projection.
Extracting a vectar data from digital Orthophotos by digitization
Extracting a vectar data from digital Orthophotos by digitization
Creating a shape file in Arc Map -
File to be edited - watershed.IMG
Catalogue
Go through the windows to select catalogue by click on the tab on the right end of the program
Create the shape file
Go through the folders in catalogue to create a new shape file with feature polygon
Digitizing - new- shapefile- newshapefile
Shape feature is polygon
In the new dialog box the setting tp.be changed , setting the feature type to.polygon
Change the spatial reference
In the new dialog click. edit and import the watershed.img , click add so the new shape file will had the same exact reference .
Create a class attribute of the shape file
Click attribute table of tg shape file in.top.left icon of the attribute table and add field.like class with text field with.length 10 as none of the class names are.bigger than 10
Digitizing polygon
Click the editor on
Right click on.the main tool bar - editor-and click the editor on or
customize- toolbar- editor - and make the check mark of editor on
Editing
In the editor window , select editor and start editing
Adding features like polygons
Last button on the editor tool box , - create feature window - click on the shape file created - click on polygons
Polygons
Click on the image to drop polygons and the end double click on.the points tp close the polygon loop and once a.polygons is created
One rgw shape is created the time the text attribute area be entered and have the class of what shape we represent addede to the class coloum we had added earlier
Saving
Editor - editor tool bar- save edits
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Following this process classify the entire watershed.img into the following classes
A)Water
B)/Forest
C)URS and pasture
Calculate the area in meters, sqmiles, sq kilometers
On your map composition create another data frame that contain watershed.img so that original frame in small fee on map.layout to see what the classified image is referenced
Digital Terrain Models
Using x,y,z coordinates and digitizing the slopes, cliffs
X,y,z digital representation of the terrain, a triangular irregular network (TIN) model is often used. In the TIN model, a triangular mesh is drawn on the control and determined data points. To form the TIN, a perimeter around the data points is first established, called the convex hull. To connect the interior points, Delaunay triangulation is used, in which a surface approximation is generated where triangles are created with all internal angles as nearly equiangular as possible. Each resulting triangle is a planar surface. By integrating all of the triangles over the domain, a surface is created. Additional elevation data such as spot elevations at summits and depressions and break lines are also collected for the TIN model. Break lines represent significant terrain features like a lake or cliff that cause a change in slope. TIN triangles do not cross break lines. One reason the TIN model is used is that it requires a much smaller number of points than a gridded DTM does in order to represent the surface terrain with equal accuracy.
Orthophoto Rectification
x
True scaling of aerial photos is by irtho rectification where all the end of the map is scaled with accuracy on depth and distance .
TIN surface is used to orthogonally rectify the scanned image file. By combining the two data sources, each image pixel has a known position and intensity value. In the rectification process, the intensity value for each pixel is re-sampled using a space resection equation, removing image displacements caused by central perspective projection, camera tilt, and terrain relief. The individual photographs are then clipped and seamlessly joined together over the entire study area. The result is a digital image that combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map--a true to scale photographic map. The typical digital orthophoto is a quarter quadrangle image cast in the Universal Transverse Mercator projection.
Extracting a vectar data from digital Orthophotos by digitization
Extracting a vectar data from digital Orthophotos by digitization
Creating a shape file in Arc Map -
File to be edited - watershed.IMG
Catalogue
Go through the windows to select catalogue by click on the tab on the right end of the program
Create the shape file
Go through the folders in catalogue to create a new shape file with feature polygon
Digitizing - new- shapefile- newshapefile
Shape feature is polygon
In the new dialog box the setting tp.be changed , setting the feature type to.polygon
Change the spatial reference
In the new dialog click. edit and import the watershed.img , click add so the new shape file will had the same exact reference .
Create a class attribute of the shape file
Click attribute table of tg shape file in.top.left icon of the attribute table and add field.like class with text field with.length 10 as none of the class names are.bigger than 10
Digitizing polygon
Click the editor on
Right click on.the main tool bar - editor-and click the editor on or
customize- toolbar- editor - and make the check mark of editor on
Editing
In the editor window , select editor and start editing
Adding features like polygons
Last button on the editor tool box , - create feature window - click on the shape file created - click on polygons
Polygons
Click on the image to drop polygons and the end double click on.the points tp close the polygon loop and once a.polygons is created
One rgw shape is created the time the text attribute area be entered and have the class of what shape we represent addede to the class coloum we had added earlier
Saving
Editor - editor tool bar- save edits
- Following this process classify the entire watershed.img into the following classes
A)Water
B)/Forest
C)URS and pasture
Calculate the area in meters, sqmiles, sq kilometers
On your map composition create another data frame that contain watershed.img so that original frame in small fee on map.layout to see what the classified image is referenced
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